American Chess Congress

1.  Paul Morphy vs. Louis Paulsen, New York, 1857
2.  George Henry Mackenzie vs. Henry Hosmer, Cleveland, 1871
3.  George Henry Mackenzie vs. Henry Hosmer, Chicago, 1874
4.  James Mason vs. Maximilian Judkiewicz, Philadelphia, 1876
5.  George Henry Mackenzie vs. James Grundy, New York, 1880
6.  Mikhail Chigorin vs. Max Weiss, New York, 1889
7.  Frank James Marshall vs. Maximilian Judkiewicz, St. Louis, 1904
8.  Dawid Janowski vs. Norman Tweed Whitaker, Atlantic City, 1921
9.  Frank James Marshall vs. Abraham Kupchik, Lake Hopatcong, 1923

First American Chess Congress, New York, 1857
Single elimination tournament with 16 players
Round 1Round 2Round 3Round 4Winner
Paul C. Morphy (Louisiana)Morphy
   
Morphy
   
Morphy
    
Paul Morphy
        
James Thompson (New York)
Judge Alexander B. Meek (Alabama)Meek
3-2
William J.A. Fuller (USA)
Theodor Lichtenhein (New York)Lichtenhein
3-2		Lichtenhein
3-0
Charles H. Stanley (New York)
Frederick Perrin (England)Perrin
4-3
Hubert Knott (USA)
Louis Paulsen (Germany)Paulsen
3-0		Paulsen
3-0		Paulsen
3.5-.5
Samuel R. Calthrop (England)
Hardman P. Montgomery (USA)Montgomery
3-1
William S. Allison (USA)
Dr. Benjamin I. Raphael (USA)Raphael
3.5-2.5		Raphael
4-3
Hiram Kennicott (USA)
Napoleon Marache (New York)Marache
3-2
D. Willard Fiske (New York)
Lichtenhein defeated Raphael 3-0 to claim 3rd place in the tournament.
 123 
Theodor Lichtenhein   Benjamin Raphael

George Henry Mackenzie vs. Henry Hosmer, Cleveland, 1871
Double round robin with draws to be replayed. Final score (not counting draws): 14 wins for Mackenzie, 12 wins for Hosmer, 11 wins for Elder, 10 wins for Judd, 9 wins for Ware, 9 wins for Smith, 4 wins for Harding, 3 wins for Johnston, and 0 wins for Houghton.
 HoughtonJohnstonHardingSmithWareJuddElderHosmer
George Henry Mackenzie (New York)
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
   
Henry Hosmer (Illinois)
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
 
Frederick Elder (USA)
  
  
  
  
    
  
 
Max Judd (Missouri)
  
   
   
  
  
 
Preston Ware (Massachusetts)
  
  
  
  
 
Harsen Darwin Smith (USA)
  
  
  
 
Henry Harding (USA)
  
  
 
A. Johnston (USA)
  
 
William Houghton (USA) 

Third American Chess Congress, Chicago, 1874
Although Kennicott and Elder withdrew partway through the tournament, games against them still counted. Final score: 10.5 points for Mackenzie, 10 points for Hosmer, 7 points for Judd, 5.5 points for Bock, 3.5 points for Elder, 2 points for Perrin, 1.5 points for Congdon, and 0 points for Kennicott.
 KennicottCongdonPerrinElderBockJuddHosmer
George Henry Mackenzie (New York)             
Henry Hosmer (Illinois)           
Max Judd (Missouri)        
Frederick Bock (USA)       
Frederick Elder (USA)     
Frederick Perrin (New York)   
James Adams Congdon (USA) 
Hiram Kennicott (USA)

American Centennial Championship, Philadelphia, 1876
The winner was awarded the Governor Garland Silver Cup.  Final score: 10.5 points for Mason, 9 points for Judd, 8.5 points for Davidson, 8.5 points for Bird, 8 points for Elson, 5.5 points for Roberts, 4 points for Ware, 2 points for Barbour, and 1 point for Martinez.
 MartinezBarbourWareRobertsElsonBirdDavidsonJudd
James Mason (Ireland)                
Max Judd (Missouri)              
Harry Davidson (USA)             
Henry Edward Bird (England)          
Jacob Elson (USA)       
Albert Roberts (USA)     
Preston Ware (Massachusetts)   
L.D. Barbour (USA) 
Dion Martinez (Cuba)

Fifth American Chess Congress, New York, 1880
Final score:  13.5 points for Mackenzie, 13.5 points for Grundy, 13 points for Moehle, 12.5 points for Sellman, 11 points for Judd, 9.5 points for Delmar, 5.5 points for Ryan, 5.5 points for Ware, 3.5 points for Congdon, and 2.5 points for Cohnfeld.
 CohnfeldCongdonWareRyanDelmarJuddSellmanMoehleGrundy
George Henry Mackenzie (New York)                  
James Grundy (USA)                 
Charles Moehle (New York)               
Alexander Sellman (USA)             
Max Judd (Missouri)           
Eugene Delmar (New York)         
John Ryan (USA)       
Preston Ware (Massachusetts)     
James Adams Congdon (USA)   
Albert Cohnfeld (USA) 
Mackenzie defeated Grundy 2-0 in the tiebreaker round.
 12 
George Henry Mackenzie  James Grundy

Sixth American Chess Congress, New York, 1889
The winner was to be regarded as World Champion, but Chigorin and Weiss were tied and Weiss did not want to play for the World Championship. Instead, Chigorin and Gunsberg faced off against each other for the title in 1890. Final score: 29 points for Chigorin, 29 points for Weiss, 28.5 points for Gunsberg, 27 points for Blackburne, 26 points for Burn, 25.5 points for Lipschütz, 22 points for Mason, 20 points for Judd, 18 points for Delmar, 18 points for Showalter, 17.5 points for Pollock, 17 points for Bird, 17 points for Taubenhaus, 16 points for D. Baird, 15 points for Burille, 14 points for Hanham, 13.5 points for Gossip, 13.5 points for Martinez, 7 points for J. Baird, and 6.5 points for MacLeod.
 MacLeodJ. BairdMartinezGossipHanhamBurilleD. BairdTaubenhausBirdPollockShowalterDelmarJuddMasonLipschützBurnBlackburneGunsbergWeiss
Mikhail Chigorin (Russia)                                      
Max Weiss (Hungary)                                     
Isidor Gunsberg (England)                                   
Joseph Henry Blackburne (England)                                 
Amos Burn (England)                               
Samuel Lipschütz (New York)                             
James Mason (Ireland)                           
Max Judd (Missouri)                         
Eugene Delmar (New York)                       
Jackson Showalter (Kentucky)                     
William Pollock (England)                   
Henry Bird (England)                 
Jean Taubenhaus (France)               
David Graham Baird (New York)             
Constant Ferdinand Burille (Massachusetts)           
Major James Moore Hanham (New York)         
George Hatfeild Dingley Gossip (England)       
Dion Martinez (Cuba)     
John Washington Baird (New York)   
Nicholas MacLeod (Canada) 
Chigorin and Weiss remained tied after the tiebreaker round.
 1234 
Mikhail Chigorin    Max Weiss

Seventh American Chess Congress, St. Louis, 1904
The winner of this tournament was named U.S. Champion, although Harry Nelson Pillsbury had objected to a tournament of this type being used to determine the U.S. Champion.  The final score:  8.5 points for Marshall, 7 points for Judd, 6 points for Uedemann, 5 points for Kemény, 4.5 points for E.F. Schrader, 4.5 points for Eisenberg, 4 points for Jaffe, 3 points for Schwietzer, 2.5 points for Mlotkowski, and 0 points for E.W. Schrader.
 E.W. SchraderMlotkowskiSchwietzerJaffeEisenbergE.F. SchraderKeményUedemannJudd
Frank James Marshall (New York)         
Max Judd (Missouri)         
Louis Uedemann (Illinois)        
Emil Kemény (Pennsylvania)       
Edward F. Schrader (USA)      
Louis Eisenberg (Pennsylvania)     
Charles Jaffe (New York)    
George Schwietzer (USA)   
Stasch Mlotkowski (New Jersey)  
Eugene W. Schrader (USA) 

Eighth American Chess Congress, Atlantic City, 1921
Final score: 8.5 points for Janowski, 8 points for Whitaker, 7 points for Jaffe, 6.5 points for Hago, 6 points for Factor, 6 points for Marshall, 6 points for Sournin, 5.5 points for Sharp, 5.5 points for Turover, 5 points for Mlotkowski, 1 point for Harvey, and 1 point for Jackson.
 JacksonHarveyMlotkowskiTuroverSharpSourninMarshallFactorHagoJaffeWhitaker
Dawid Janowski (France)           
Norman Tweed Whitaker (Pennsylvania)           
Charles Jaffe (New York)          
Martin D. Hago (USA)         
Samuel D. Factor (Illinois)        
Frank James Marshall (New York)       
Vladimir Sournin (Maryland)      
Sydney T. Sharp (USA)     
Isador Samuel Turover (Maryland)    
Stasch Mlotkowski (New Jersey)   
J.B. Harvey (USA)  
Edward Schuyler Jackson (USA) 

Ninth American Chess Congress, Lake Hopatcong, 1923
Final score:  10.5 points for Marshall, 10.5 points for Kupchik, 10 points for Janowski, 9 points for Lasker, 8.5 points for Schapiro, 7 points for Black, 6.5 points for Tenner, 6.5 points for Chajes, 5.5 points for Sournin, 5 points for Morrison, 4 points for Hodges, 3 points for Palmer, 2.5 points for Santasiere, and 2.5 points for Bigelow.
 BigelowSantasierePalmerHodgesMorrisonSourninChajesTennerBlackSchapiroLaskerJanowskiKupchik
Frank James Marshall (New York)             
Abraham Kupchik (New York)             
Dawid Janowski (France)            
Edward Lasker (Illinois)           
Morris Abraham Schapiro (New York)          
Judge Roy Turnbull Black (New York)         
Oscar Tenner (New York)        
Oscar Chajes (New York)       
Vladimir Sournin (Maryland)      
John Stuart Morrison (Canada)     
Albert Beauregard Hodges (New York)    
Marvin Palmer (USA)   
Anthony Santasiere (New York)  
Horace Bigelow (New York)